Construction of photonic crystal fibers

Generally, such fibers are constructed by the same methods as other optical fibers: first, one constructs a preform" on the scale of centimeters in size, and then heats the preform and draws it down to a much smaller diameter (often nearly as small as a human hair), shrinking the preform cross section but (usually) maintaining the same features. In this way, kilometers of fiber can be produced from a single preform.

The most common method involves stacking although drilling/milling was used to produce the first aperiodic designs.This formed the subsequent basis for producing the first soft glass and polymer structured fibers.
Most photonic crystal fibers have been fabricated in silica glass, but other glasses have also been used to obtain particular optical properties (such has high optical non-linearity). There is also a growing interest in making them from polymer, where a wide variety of structures have been explored, including graded index structures, ring structured fibers and hollow core fibers. These polymer fibers have been termed MPO, short for microstructured polymer optical fibers (van Eijkelenborg, 2001). A combination of a polymer and a chalcogenide glass was used by Temelkuran et al. (2002) for 10.6 μm wavelengths (where silica is not transparent).

Related:
http://www.lobn.net/uch//space.php?uid=56274&do=blog&id=663609
http://www.shenmo.us/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=81275
http://www.art136.com/bbs/read.php?tid=200437